88     This prevents resource leaks during interpreter shutdown by ensuring
   89     all ODBC handles are freed in the correct order before Python finalizes.
   90     """
   91     # Make a copy of the connections to avoid modification during iteration
!  92     with _connections_lock:
!  93         connections_to_close = list(_active_connections)
   94 
!  95     for conn in connections_to_close:
!  96         try:
   97             # Check if connection is still valid and not closed
!  98             if hasattr(conn, "_closed") and not conn._closed:
   99                 # Close will handle both cursors and the connection
! 100                 conn.close()
! 101         except Exception as e:
  102             # Log errors during shutdown cleanup for debugging
  103             # We're prioritizing crash prevention over error propagation
! 104             try:
  105                 driver_logger.error(
  106                     f"Error during connection cleanup at shutdown: {type(e).__name__}: {e}"
  107                 )
! 108             except Exception:
  109                 # If logging fails during shutdown, silently ignore
! 110                 pass
  111 
  112 
  113 # Register cleanup function to run before Python exits
  114 atexit.register(_cleanup_connections)

  317         # This ensures ODBC handles are freed in correct order, preventing leaks
  318         try:
  319             if hasattr(mssql_python, "_register_connection"):
  320                 mssql_python._register_connection(self)
! 321         except AttributeError as e:
  322             # If registration fails, continue - cleanup will still happen via __del__
  323             logger.warning(
  324                 f"Failed to register connection for shutdown cleanup: {type(e).__name__}: {e}"
  325             )
! 326         except Exception as e:
  327             # Catch any other unexpected errors during registration
  328             logger.error(
  329                 f"Unexpected error during connection registration: {type(e).__name__}: {e}"
  330             )